Non-vascular plants {non-vascular plants} include mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts (Marchantiophyta), and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta). Non-vascular plants can include green algae (Chlorophyta or Charophyta). Non-vascular plants do not include plant-like thallophytes such as non-green algae or fungi.
Lower plants {moss}| {bryophyte} can be multicellular and have protonema. Mosses reproduce sexually by generation alteration. Mosses include green moss. Club moss is not moss.
Mosses have green-filament bodies {protonema}| {protonemae}.
Protonemae can grow stems {rhizoid}|, with thin leaves at top and cellular projections for water absorption at bottom.
Mosses {beard moss} (Usnea) can trap water.
Mosses {Spanish moss} {tillandsia} can trap water.
Lower plants {wort}| can be liverworts {liverwort, plant} and hornworts {hornwort}. Worts are like simple mosses. Worts reproduce sexually by generation alteration. Main plant is gametophyte, and sporophyte depends on gametophyte. Quillworts are club mosses, not worts.
Worts can have yellow simple flowers in round clusters {St. John's wort} {hypericum} {rose-of-Sharon, flower} (Clusiaceae) (formerly Guttiferae).
4-Botany-Plant-Non-Vascular Plants
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Date Modified: 2022.0225